PORT HARCOURT POLYTECHNIC ACADEMIC RESEARCH JOURNAL

RESEARCH, INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Deinibiteim M. Harry, PhD — 2026-06-01

The study investigated the contributions of indigenous technology to rural development in Nigeria. In Nigeria, the rural areas are characterized by huge unemployment and massive poverty due largely to low productivity and near absence of alternative job opportunities outside agriculture, which is the mainstay of the rural economy. This situation is occasioned by the use of outdated and rudimentary indigenous technologies. Thus, the main objective of this study is to show that the available indigenous technologies in Nigeria can help to contribute to rural development and competitiveness, if improved upon and standardized through investment in research and development (R and D). The study analyzed mainly secondary data by using content analysis. The study revealed that Nigeria is endowed with several indigenous technologies that have sustained the people over the years. However, these technologies are quite rudimentary and therefore deprive the people of global competitiveness. It is the conclusion of this paper that indigenous technologies have contributed greatly to the development of the rural areas, irrespective of the challenges noted. However, to make these technologies more useful to the people, sustained research is required to bring about advancements so as to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the rural populace and ensure the development of the rural areas.

INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING CRAFTSMEN PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Joseph Chukwuka Okah — 2026-06-01

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors and determine the extent to which they affect craftsmen productivity in Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 125 questionnaires out of a population target of 182 were distributed to stakeholders in the building industry in all the 23 LGAs of Rivers State to randomly sample their opinions on the subject matter. Out of this, 100 were returned, while 90 were valid. The respondents’ opinions were rated with a Likert scale while the RII was used to rank the 40 factors that affect craftsmen productivity. Z-score was used to test the hypothesis and reliability of the ranking for significance and non-significance at 5% confidence level. Result showed that the 10 highest ranked factors are; lack of materials, lack of tools/equipment, low wage, lack of experience late, irregular payments, faulty equipment, poor power/water supply, late materials delivery, poor planning and illegal community fees, while the lowest 10 ranked factors are; inspection delay, poor construction method, reworks, no incentive, crew size inefficiency, poor safety training, absenteeism, Government laws, worker retention policy, age and alcoholism. However, illegal fees (‘marching ground’) are a major challenge in Port Harcourt metropolis and some LGAs: Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni, Khana, Gokana, Ikwerre, Okrika and Eleme. The z-score showed that the non-significant factors are: poor construction method, labour disputes, inspection delays, reworks, no incentives like lunch, crew size inefficiency, poor training on safety rules, absenteeism, age and alcoholism and drug abuse, while the other 25 are significant factors. Efficient resource management/job planning, effective skill development strategy through practical oriented technical and vocational programmes, enhanced motivation, adequate safety training mechanism and government provision of adequate security are amongst the recommended solutions to improve craftsmen productivity in Rivers State.

COMMUNICATING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION BY MEANS DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY AND GIS

Emmanuel M. Menegbo — 2026-06-01

Since ancient times, people have devised cognitive artifacts to extend memory and ease information communication and processing. Among them are graphics, which use elements and the spatial relations among them to represent worlds that are actually or metaphorically spatial. Communicating geospatial information by means digital cartography and GIS through Maps as a decision making tools have improved in the last two decade. Maps schematize the real world in that they are two-dimensional, they omit information, they regularize, they use inconsistent scale and perspective, and they exaggerate, fantasize, and carry messages. The paper reviews the communicating Geographic Data, digital Cartographic Communication Process or model, Map Design, and Cartographic Design Elements as a tool for communication. Collectively, create a good map that successfully communicates geographic information helps the user to interpret for informed decision making.

APPLICATION OF MARKOV MODEL TO THE STUDY OF BREAST CANCER: A CASE STUDY OF PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT TEACHING HOSPITAL

Nnoka, Love Cherukei — 2026-06-01

The paper studied the problem of Breast cancer in Rivers State using Markov Chain Model. The data for this study was obtained from Cancer Registry Unit; University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. These sample data were transformed to 3×3 matrix, otherwise known as transition count matrix, denoted as M and it’s corresponding probability transition matrix denoted by P. Markov Model was used to determine the ages of women that are susceptible to breast cancer and the number of women who transited from one state to another , like-wise those that left the system as a result of death. The plot of the raw data against time showed that as the years go by, the number of breast cancer patients increased. This study also proffered solution to factors that could reduce the risk of breast cancer.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CULTURE AND DURABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

Amaechi Shedrack Azukwu — 2026-06-01

Preventive Maintenance Culture And Durability Of Residential Buildings In Port Harcourt, Rivers State The aim of this study is to investigate the concept of preventive maintenance culture and durability of residential buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The study intends to ascertain the extent to which preventive maintenance influence the durability of residential buildings in the area consisted of six thousand (6000) residential buildings. However, the sample size was three hundred and seventy five buildings-draw, using Taro Yamanes formula for finite population. One hypothesis was used to put the study on course. The data was correlated using Pearson product – moment using t-test for correlated data, at .05 level of significance. The r-value of 0.9 showed very high relationship between preventive maintenance durability of residential building in Port Harcourt. Similarly, the test of the hypothesis with t(cal) of 0.31 [t(table) = 1.96] showed that preventive maintenance significantly influenced durability of residential buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Thus, it is recommended that supervision should be thorough, especially during repairs and installation activities, to ensure quality delivery.

BACTERIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TILAPIA FISH AND CRAB BOUGHT FROM RUMUOLA MARKET, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Uzor, C. A. — 2026-06-01

The bacteriological evaluation of Tilapia fishes and crabs bought at Rumuola market, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, was carried out.A total of thirty (30) samples each of tilapia fishes and crabs were obtained from Rumuola market. The intestines, gills and flesh of tilapia fishes and carapace meats of crab samples were analysed for total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and Salmonella species employing standard microbiological procedures replicated thrice.Results obtained from the study show that the highest total heterotrophic bacteria counts for fish and crab were 2.75 x 108 cfu/g and 2.29 x 108 cfu/g respectively; the highest total coliform counts for fish and crab were 2.47 x 108cfu/g and 2.36 x 108 cfu/g respectively, while the highest Salmonella count were 2.71 x 108 cfu/g and 6.4 x 108 cfu/g respectively. All the counts were above the ICMSF recommended limit of 1 x 105 cfu/g for seafood which could be due to source contamination, improper handling and unhygienic environment. The study also revealed that Micrococcus spp. Proteus mirabilis, Corynebacterium spp. Bacillus spp. Enterobacter spp. Salmonellatyphi and Citrobacterspp, were isolated and identified. These have public health implication, meaning the proper cooking done during preparation to prevent cross contamination and eventual food intoxication. Generally, hygienic practices and storage condition are recommended for the marketers.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITIONS OF JETTES AND ITS IMPACT ON MARITIME TRANSPORT IN RIVERS STATE.

Maamah Stephen Barry — 2026-06-01

An assessment of the conditions of jetties and its impact on maritime transportation in Rivers State involves a critical investigation into the physical conditions of the existing jetties operational in the state, the conditions of the boats, safety plan and equipment, emergency rescue and general security plan covering the seafarers, passengers, goods and infrastructures within the jetties. This paper x-rays the conditions of the various jetties serving the riverine communities of the state, the conditions of the channels and the government authorities responsible for the operation and maintenance of jetties and accompanying infrastructures. It assesses the policies guiding jetty operations and the requirements to acquire, develop, construct and operate jetties in Nigeria. It also examines the security challenges facing the jetties and proffers measures to improve on jetty operations and maritime transport in Rivers State.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CHANNEL FLOWS WITH HEAT IN AN INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD

Amadi Innocent Uchenna — 2026-06-01

An analytical study of channel flow with heat in an induced magnetic field in cylindrical domain has been done. The flow is considered along the channel axis, and is taken to be axi-symmetric. No-slip boundary condition is considered for velocity while the temperature has non-zero positive constants on the boundary. The physics of the problem is termed by the usual MHD equations with suitable boundary conditions. The basic equation governing the flow is that of Partial Differential Equation which was later reduced using an appropriate transformation. The two coupled system were solved analytical using Frobenius method and method of undetermined coefficient to obtain two solutions of flow variables. The expressions of these flow variables were obtained graphically.

EMPOWERING LIBRARIANS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH CAPACITY BUILDING

Joyce Awajioboroinyem Barth-Nengia CLN — 2026-06-01

With the emerging technologies, library automation has become a major feature of the library in this digital age which library operations and services are manage through computerization and networking. It has become a challenge for the librarians to shift from the traditional role to present reality of information and communication technology tools, this necessity for training and development of the librarians through capacity building. A well-trained librarian would make better and economic use of hardware and software facilities which would go a long way to aid the full scale automation of library. Hence, this paper focused on library automation trend and the training needs of library professional to meet the challenge of today’s libraries and the need to enhance the proficiency of library professional in Nigeria. The paper conclude and recommend that tertiary education trust fund allocation for library should be mobilize for library automation and subsequent provision of adequate budgetary allocation for training and development of librarians, orienting library professionals on the need for library automation training and retraining of all the staff that are involved in the working of the library.

MEETING CURRENT LANGUAGE NEEDS THROUGH INNOVATION OF LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

Edna Ngozi Chuku — 2026-06-01

This paper intends to stimulate discussion, provoke thought and generate reflective responses among teachers and learners of English Language. Today’s language classroom is vastly different from that of the mid to late 20th century. The paper offers a meta-analysis of how language has been taught in the past and how it should be taught in today’s language classroom. It also identified trends that are shaping the 21st century language classroom. This paper provides the means to identify current and emerging trends in the field of language teaching and learning.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS): THE LIBRARY TASK

Patience Nsiriem — 2026-06-01

The Sustainable Development Goals are seventeenth goals set by world leaders to be achieved by 2030 that respond to the world’s main development challenges. The goals include those dedicated to eradicating poverty, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, ensuring environmental sustainability and developing a global partnership for development. This study examined the influence of library and information services on attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) on Environment. Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are those that are directly concerned with the environment hence they are referred to as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on Environmental sustainability. Providing access to data, information, research and knowledge. Information repacking, public enlightenment/awareness campaign, human resources development, mobile library and outreach services and capacity building are the identified strategies that libraries can adopt to ensure attainment of SDGs by 2030. It was recommended that the state government should establish more branches of the state public library at the nukes and crannies of the country most especially, in the rural areas. Standard academic libraries should be establish at the universities and polytechnics , school libraries should be established in each primary and secondary schools in the state with adequate budgetary allocation provided. Qualified librarians should also be employed to manage the public, academic and school libraries in the country.

CULTURE OF THE URBAN POOR IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS

Douglas Sokeipirim Godstime — 2026-06-01

The social disparity and economic inequality created the gap between the inhabitants of both urban and rural areas. The lack of relevant skills and academic qualification(s) further created and gave birth to the word, urban poor. The drive for survival has created an urban environmental and socio-economic issues. This paper is aimed at unmasking the culture of the urban poor in Port Harcourt metropolis, investigate the activities of the urban poor in urban areas, and ascertain if their dream is achieved as they migrated. The purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected through questionnaire administration, analyzed. And presented in a tabular form and simple percentage. The paper revealed that though most of the urban poor are unemployed, others are into businesses of all sorts and menial jobs. The study further revealed that government employees are far less than those employed by private organizations. The paper recommended, business friendly and enabling environment should be created by government, develop and cultivate an entrepreneurial culture, in the urban area.

MATERNAL CONSUMPTION OF GLYCINE MAX AND SESAMUM INDICUM INCREASES REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN FEMALE OFFSPRING OF WISTAR RATS

Jesse-Abraham, Piriye Charit — 2026-06-01

Soya Bean (Glycine max) and Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) are bio-resources normally consumed freely, even during the critical window of pregnancy and lactation. The health benefits of Soya Bean and Sesame seed were investigated on the offsprings of female Wistar rats. Fifteen (15) Male and thirty (30) female Wistar rats were paired at a ratio of 1:2 to procreate 30 female pups. The adult rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1 served as Control, Group 2 had Clomiphene, Groups 3 and 4 received 50mg and 100mg Soya Beans respectively, while group 5 and 6 received 50mg and 100mg Sesame Seeds respectively. After a 9week experimental period, the study animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken, tissues harvested under standard procedures and analyzed. The results showed that 50mg Sesame seed group showed significant increase in LH (1.58± 0.40)mlu/ml, when compared to the control (0.45± 0.08) mlu/ml significance was considered at p<0.001 and Progesterone level for 100mg Sesame seed (32.46± 2.00)ng/ml, when compared to the control, (14.98± 2.27)ng/ml, significance was considered at p<0.001. The increase in LH levels signifies the onset of puberty while increased levels of progesterone can lead to anxiety, disruption in the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle. The study therefore, concludes that graded doses of Sesamum indicum is capable of increasing the levels of LH and Progesterone and causing changes to offsprings when consumed maternally.

MAXIMUM FLOW PROBLEM FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCT (PMS) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING AHMED ALGORITHM

Okeh, Chibuzor Ojoh — 2026-06-01

In this work, maximum flow algorithm proposed by Ahmed et al (2014) was applied in the distribution of petroleum products through the NNPC pipelines from a source depot (Port Harcourt Refinery) to a sink depot (Maiduguri Depot). The pipeline network comprises of 8 depots (nodes) with 13 connecting routes (arcs). Each of these connecting pipes has a maximum quantity of product (in million litres) that can flow from one depot to the other at any particular supply. The Ahmed et al (2014) algorithm was then used to estimate the maximum flow. A total of 23 cuts were discovered and 7 augmenting paths were followed to achieve the maximum flow of 23 million litres after 7 iterations.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING FIRMS LISTED ON THE FLOOR OF NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FROM 2016 TO 2020

Baribefe Isaac GIAMI — 2026-06-01

This study examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility reporting and financial performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing firms listed on the floor of Nigerian stock exchange from 2016 to 2020. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between community development cost and return on asset. To determine the relationship between community development cost and turnover. To determine the relationship between public health cost and return on asset as well as turnover. Four research hypotheses were also developed in line with the objectives. The study used secondary data and adopted a historical data design. Five pharmaceutical manufacturing firms whose audited reports were readily available at their websites were considered. The data was then analysed using SPSS version 22 tool pack for the regression analysis at 0.05% significant level. The study found out that there is no significant relationship between community development cost and return on asset but a positive and significant relationship with turnover. The study also revealed that public health costs do not have a significant relationship with return on assets but have a positive and significant relationship with turnover. The study therefore recommended that Pharmaceutical manufacturing firms should continue to spend money on community development since it improves their turnover. Pharmaceutical manufacturing firms should continue to spend money on public health as this has significant relationship with turnover.

ROLE DIFFERENTIATION AND JOB PERFORMANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS STATE

Onuekwa, Faith Adanne, PhD — 2026-06-01

The study investigated role differentiation and job performance of administrative staff in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The research design for the study was correlational. A sample size of 250 was drawn from a population of 400 consisting of administrative staff in the offices of (HODs, Deans, Bursar, directors and other principal officer) and principals officers in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The study used two sets of questionnaires directed at the two sets of respondents. Stratified sampling technique was adopted. The tertiary institutions included the Rivers State University, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Port Harcourt, Ken Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori and Rivers State College of Health Management Technology. Out of the 250 copies questionnaire instruments distributed, 235 or 94% were duly completed and returned. The analysis of this study was based on the returned copies. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were posed. The descriptive statistical of tool of mean and standard deviation was used in answering the research questions while Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) was used in testing the research hypotheses. The questionnaires were validated by the researcher’s supervisor in the department of Educational Management Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Crumbach Alpha (SPSS version 23) and obtained .971>.71 which showed that the instrument was highly reliable. The findings showed that principle of unitary command, job rotation, and delegated duty are significantly related to greater performance of admin staff in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The study recommended among others that administrators should endeavour to allocate roles to staff according to the staff competences, attitude, skills and job description.

COLLEGIALITY AND EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN RIVERS STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

Dr. Philip Festus Ukata — 2026-06-01

This study adopted a descriptive survey research design on collegiality and effective instructional delivery for quality assurance of the Office Technology and Management programme in Rivers State tertiary institutions. The population of the study was 1083, with a sample size of 285. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Face and content validity of the instrument were established using three experts, and reliability was established using 20 respondents. Data collected were analysed using Cronbach's Alpha, which yielded a correlation coefficient index of 0.78, 0.81 and 0.75 for clusters B1 to B3, respectively, with an overall index of 0.78. 285 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, correctly filled out, and returned, which were used to carry out data analysis. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The t-test was used to test the three null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance using the Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that collegiality practices that can enhance effective instructional delivery for quality assurance were not being employed by OTM lecturers despite the fact that they recognised that collegiality can help in improving their overall effective instructional delivery for quality assurance. Among other things, it was recommended that OTM lecturers in Rivers State tertiary institutions should adopt different forms of collegiality to enhance their instructional delivery.

EMPLOYEES’ OFFICE SKILLS REQUIRED BY EMPLOYERS IN MODERN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN RIVERS STATE

ENYEKIT, E. O., Ph.D (MABEN) — 2026-06-01

It is imperative to conduct regular analysis in designing and implementing any functional curriculum. Therefore, educational processes must consider the needs of the society and the individuals in its service delivery. The business world in recent times has witnessed lots of changes especially with advent of information technology leading to newer method of doing things. The office of any business organization is at the centre of these changes. Hence, the study was to investigate the employer's demand and modern office work skills required of secretaries in modern organizations in Rivers State. A self-structured questionnaire validated by experts in business educators was used as instrument for data collection. The population of the study consisted of heads of departments, directors, chief executives, and managers in private and public organizations in Rivers State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were answered and tested of0.05 level of significance. Among other things, the study revealed that the various skills identified by the study in cluster of word processing office work skills, interpersonal/human relation office work skills were all required office work skills demanded by the employers in the modern office. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, the curriculum of the office education programme be reviewed to accommodate these identified skills training and retraining, workshops, seminars were also recommended for the trainers especially in the areas of information technology.

INNOVATIVE BANKING AND MARKETING OF FINANCIAL SERVICES: THE NIGERIAN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS EXPERIENCE.

Dumkor Beeka Nwambo PhD — 2026-06-01

This study seeks to examine the interplay between banking Innovations and the marketing of financial services of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Electronic Mobiles were used as proxy for banking innovations while the numbers of deposit money banks were used as proxy for marketing of financial services in Nigeria which is the dependent variable. Findings reveal that banking Innovations has positively impacted on the marketing of financial services in deposit money banks in Nigeria though in a weak form. Its insignificant contributions to marketing of financial services could be attributed to lack of sensitization and customers’ orientation. Most bank customers are analogy in nature and lacks understanding about the latest technology. Hence, study recommended that to promote the marketing of financial services in the Nigerian deposit money banks, bank customers should be sensitized about the importance of banking innovations and how to make adequate use of them as reports has made it clear that most bank customers are analogy and not digital. Since banking Innovations require digital ideas, more sensitization will go a long way in promoting bank services and thus promote bank performance accordingly.

SAFETY IN WORK ENVIRONMENT AND TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE

Nweke, Emmanuel Onyekachi PhD (Fcai/Acipm/Mni) — 2026-06-01

The paper examined Safety Management for the Enhancement of Staff Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State. The paper adopted the desk-study approach in which related literatures were reviewed in the area of safety management as it relates to the enhancement of staff performance in schools. The paper looked into safety measures available in Public Secondary schools in Rivers State, Impact of Safety Issues on Teacher Performance, Management Approach to handling Safety of Teachers and the concept of teacher performance. The paper decried the inadequate or in some cases unavailability of safety measures in public secondary schools in Rivers State. The paper concluded that there is need for management or employers of teachers to provide safety gadgets in the offices and ensure effective use of such resources by teachers. The teachers themselves cannot work in an unsafe environment. Both the employer of the teacher and the teacher himself have mutual role of ensuring safety in the workplace. When teacher are safe or feel safe it will enhance their job performance of effecting teaching and the overall benefit will be on the school organization producing or graduating quality students. The paper suggested that management should provide modern and up-to-date safety equipment for teachers both in the staff room and class rooms, among others.

IMPACT OF TEAM BASED MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE: A LITERALLY PERCEPTION

Omolua, Agnes Ivhagbha (PhD) — 2026-06-01

This paper examined the impact of team based management on employees’ performance. The objectives were to access how dimensions of team based management such as team creativity/innovation, team decision making, team leadership and team processes influence employees’ performance which was measured in terms of task performance, adaptive performance and contextual performance. This work was anchored on teamwork theory developed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 which is the Tuckman model of group development. The study employed the use of survey of literature. From the literature reviewed, the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between team based management and employees’ performance hence the study concluded that organisations who adopt the team based management approach have the tendency to boost the performance of their employees. It was suggested that organisations should consider the adoption of team based management approach in order to maximize the strength and potentials of their employees which in turn leads to greater performance of the employees and organization at large. It was concluded that team based management approach in an organizations is an effective approach of achieving success at work place.

TEAM BASED MANAGEMENT FOR EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RIVERS STATE

Kinika Clifford — 2026-06-01

The paper examined team based management for effective service delivery in secondary schools in Rivers State. The paper adopted the desk study approach to review literature from textbooks, journals, internet and verbal engagements. Team based management dimensions were tied with those of service delivery. Team communication and instructional service delivery of the members who are teachers. The team leader being the principal or whoever appointed as the leader owes the team members communication role and vice-versa each member of the team. Team co-ordination and students performance was also isolated since the major theme of operation in school lies in the students. Resolving team member conflicts and teacher capacity was highlighted as necessary since conflict is inevitable in any team. The paper concluded by stating that team based management ensures that goal attainment is seen as common goal among members of the team.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY: SOLAR ENERGY AS A STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Owonte, Lucy Horace — 2026-06-01

The current electricity power supply to Nigerians has been grossly inadequate and does not meet the minimum international standards of electricity services. There have been power failures or outages which does not promote development in both the private and public sectors of the economy. This present study seeks to extend the existing literature by investigating the influence of solar energy (SE) on economic growth (EG) in Nigeria. Data were drawn through questionnaire from 180 employees of 4 Local Government Areas in Rivers State. The sample for the study was selected through the use of the simple random sampling technique. The study found that solar energy has a significant influence on economic growth through the gross domestic products (GDP) and human development index (HDI) Therefore, the study concludes that, if Nigeria adopts solar energy as an alternative energy supply for sustainability, she will achieve accelerated economic growth, and recommends amongst others that Policymakers should key in effectively to sustainable energy programs that will engender GDP and HDI in order to drive citizens towards positive creativity that will increase the country’s GDP and HDI and accelerate economic growth.

DEBT PROFILE AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

Samuel Dibiah, PhD — 2026-06-01

This study investigated debt profile and the Nigerian economy. Annual time series data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin as well as the publications of National Bureau of Statistics (2000 to 2019) were used to analyze and estimate the multiple regression model specified, with the aid of Econometric views (Eviews) 8.0 version. The study measured economic performance which is the dependent variable by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while debt profile which is the independent variable was proxy by domestic debt to GDP ratio, external debt to GDP ratio and total debt to total revenue ratio. The parameters of the model were estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. The study found that: a negative and significant relationship exists between domestic debt to GDP ratio and growth in GDP, a negative and significant relationship between external debt to GDP ratio and growth in GDP while a positive and significant relationship exists between total debt to total revenue ratio and growth in GDP in Nigeria. The study concluded that debt burden is an important factor indicator that influences the level of economic activities in Nigeria. The study recommended that loans contracted should be invested in profitable ventures, which will generate a reasonable amount of money for debt repayment.

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION: UTILISATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA BY JOURNALISTS IN PORT HARCOURT

Nnamdi, Chinedu Nwanyanwu, PhD — 2026-06-01

This study analysed how information gotten on social media is utilised by journalists in Port Harcourt considering the credibility challenges inherent in social media usage. Social media promotes a participatory media culture where openness, collaboration and interactivity thrive. Restructuring and redefining the way both individuals and mainstream media communicate; social media have encouraged the phenomenon of citizens’ journalism where everybody have the liberty to become a reporter. These characteristics of social media portend grave danger to journalists in terms of information dissemination as the boundaries between the creators of media messages and disseminators are blurred. The Technological determinism theory which holds that communication technologies shapes how individuals in the society behave was used as the theoretical anchor for the study. The survey research design was employed and the questionnaire was used as instrument of data collection. The population of study was two hundred and fifty registered journalists in Port Harcourt. The sample size was determined at 152 respondents. The study found among others that most journalists in Port Harcourt do not regard social media as credible news sources. The study recommends that journalists in Port Harcourt should keep harnessing the positive power of the social media to keep the public abreast with current happenings.

RE-THINKING NIGERIAN TECHNOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY AND SOLUTIONS THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA

Windy S. Alikor — 2026-06-01

This paper aimed to re-think Nigerian technological deficiency and solutions through the mass media. The rationale behind the paper is predicated on the downturn technological development in Nigeria, which in no small measure has affected almost all facets of the nation’s development. The paper anchored on the development media theory and adopted descriptive research design. The findings of this papers among others are: Policy somersault of successive governments, corruption, misappropriation of public funds, lack of committed interest in technological development, lack of science and technological village, poor funding of science and technology development centres, politicization of science and technology policy, poor state-of-the-art-in the tertiary institutions, perennial dumping of research findings of tertiary institutions, poor motivation and incentives for researchers are the causes of low technological development and deficiency in Nigeria. Consequently, the paper advocates for attitudinal change and paradigm shift among policy formulators, planners and implementers of government policies and programmes especially in areas of science and technology in Nigeria. The paper also advocates for improved funding of science and technology centres. The study also advocates for establishment of science and technology villages in all the geo-political regions in Nigeria. Similarly, the paper advocates for robust incentives and motivation for researchers, scientists, inventors and technologists in Nigeria to encourage them to more explore and exploit their full potential for the technological advancement of the nation while the mass media should set agenda on the grand breaking innovations and inventions made in science and technology in Nigeria nation.

AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF BROADCASTING PROGRAME TECHNIQUES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PAYPOWER 100.5 FM AND RADIO RIVERS 99.9FM PORT HARCOURT

Anele Roseline Uchechi — 2026-06-01

The study was aimed at investigating the broadcasting programme technique adopted by Radio Rivers and Ray Power 100.5FM, with a view to comparing which technique is most efficient and effective to the organization and society. A survey research method was used for the study. A sample size of 200 copies of questionnaire was success drawn. Moreso, data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and table. The study used the uses and gratification theory as its theoretical framework. The findings were that effective service delivery as reflected in the programmes of a station can attract more audience members to the station thereby generating revenue for the media organization. Consequently, the study concluded that effective broadcasting technique is the heartbeat of modern day broadcasting and as such services as a catalyst for gaining audience loyalty. It therefore, recommended that emphasis should be placed on portraying local issues that address pressing needs of the people.

HUMAN CAPITAL ACCOUNTING AND PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN BREWERY PLC.

Abraham Irekponor, PhD — 2026-06-01

The study examines the effect of human capital accounting on the performance of Nigerian Brewery PLC for the period between 2006 to 2020. Human capital accounting (Independent variable) was proxied with training and development cost, health and safety cost and Gross cost while performance (dependent variable) was process with Net profit. The data for the variables were obtained from the company annual financial statement and Nigerian Stock Exchange report, ordinary least squares (multiple regression) regression technique was used to analysis the data with the use of Statistical Package for social science (SPSS). The result of the analysis shows that training and development have positive and significant relationship with Net profit. In the case of effect of health and safety on net profit, the result also shows a positive and insignificant relationship. The probability value of training and development is less than 5% significant value. But in the case of health and safety on net profit, the probability level was more than 5%. In the case of effect on Gross cost on net profit the result shows a negative effect on net profit since the t- statistical value shows a negative value of -2.816. In conclusion, training and development together with health and safety have positive effects on net profit, but gross cost have negative effect. Therefore, I recommend that management should priortise training and development together with health and safety. Management should be mindful of excessive spending on Gross cost as increase on it will have negative effect on net profit.

JOB ROTATION AND EMPLOYEES' WORK ATTITUDES OF SELECTED OIL COMPANIES IN RIVERS STATE

Okwurume, Clarance Nkasirim, PhD — 2026-06-01

Abstract This study examined the relationship between job rotation and employees' work attitudes in selected oil companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The target population consists of oil companies operating in Rivers State. The accessible population comprises of ten selected oil companies. A simple random sampling was adopted. The sample size is 103 using Taro Yamane's Formula. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that there is positive significant relationship between job rotation and employees' work attitudes. The study concluded that job rotation enhances employees' work attitudes in selected oil companies in Rivers State. The study recommended that oil companies should adopt job rotation, as it has proven to enhance employees' work attitudes in the work place.

UNMASKING THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC FORCES ON STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET RETURNS IN NIGERIA FROM 1987-2020

Kelvin C. Amadi — 2026-06-01

This study examined the influence of some selected macroeconomic fundamentals on stock market returns in Nigeria. Times series was used for the analysis which was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other recent documents. Time series was analysed with, descriptive analysis, unit roof test, co-integration test and auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL). Stock exchange market returns was proxy by market capitalization (MC) and value of deals (VOD). The selected macroeconomic forces that were analysed are: inflation rate, exchange rate, broad money supply and unemployment rate. The result of the long run analysis of the model shows that exchange rate, inflation rate and unemployment were statistically significant in influencing the stock exchange market returns. While, in the short run, stock exchange market returns was influence by inflation rate, exchange rate and broad money supply and unemployment rate in Nigeria. Based on the findings the study recommends amongst others: exchange rate stabilization, reduction of money in circulation through open market operation (OMO) and fiscal policy measure to control inflationary situation in Nigeria.

ENTREPRENEURIAL RESPONSIVENESS AND COMPETITIVE GLOBALIZATION IN THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR, RIVERS STATE

Okachi-Okereke Gloria Chike, PhD (NIM, CPIM) — 2026-06-01

The study examined entrepreneurial responsiveness paradigm to a competitive globalization in Rivers State. The choice of topic was motivated by the creative and innovative nature of an entrepreneur to be alive to her obligations and environment. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was 30 entrepreneurs drawn from Hoteliers’ association in Rivers State. Out of which only 25 were at our reach which formed the sample size of the study. Correlation martrix was used to analyse the data. The results of findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables (commitment to opportunities and strategic orientation) and dependent variable (economic and social globalization). The study therefore concluded that entrepreneurial responsiveness plays an active role to provide the environment that triggers healthy competitive globalization among entrepreneurs in the Hotel and hospitality industry. Therefore recommended amongst others that commitment to business opportunities should match with expected results to enhance performance, efforts also should be made to ensure that adequate functional strategies are formulated and internalized by organizational members.

MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED POLITICAL CAMPAIGN POSTERS AND SLOGANS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

Chinwe Godwin Udom — 2026-06-01

Posters are very important forms of visual communication that commercial and political advertisers use to persuade target audience. During election campaign periods all over the world, posters are used to familiarize candidates to the electorates and entice them to vote for candidates. Multimodal Discourse Analysis has been adopted by different researchers to study such issues as the significance of campaign posters to the outcome of election processes. This study analyses selected campaign posters in Port Harcourt Metropolis of Rivers State of Nigeria. Crystal and Davy’s Linguistic stylistic model of analysis was used as method of analysis. Three (3) political posters were purposively selected and analysed using the analytical tools of Multimodal Discourse Analysis and Crystal and Davy’s Linguistic stylistic model. The study concluded that political campaign posters carry inscriptions that are mostly ambiguous since they are open to more than one interpretation. They are personal, idiosyncratic and subjective as they vary in their consideration by the audience. This study contributed to knowledge theoretically, in the sense that the use of Multimodal Discourse Analysis reveals that meanings can be conveyed to the electorate through other semiotic modes such as images, texts, symbols and designs; and practically, it reveals that there is a connection between real life and elements in an imaginative work of art, and this goes a long way in influencing the decisions people make.

PHILOSOPHY AND POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION AS TOOLS FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUFFICIENCY IN NIGERIA

Ijeoma Ene — 2026-06-01

The social and economic well-being of citizens play a pivotal role in the success of any society. Nigeria is currently bankrupt in that regard. It is currently plagued by social and economic poverty. This paper emphasizes the need to inculcate ethical values and principles into the lives of Nigerians for social development, especially in their formative years. This would also instill moral responsibility where people are held accountable for their actions and inactions. It also holds that with Polytechnic education, economic issues can be resolved in our country. The paper states that this synergy is the pathway to self-development and self-reliance in Nigeria. The paper concludes by stating that this much needed socio-economic advancement can be attainable through the teaching of Ethics or Moral Philosophy and Technical education. Moral Philosophy and Technical education are therefore, the driving tools for socio-economic sufficiency in Nigeria.

CONTEMPORARY ETCHE PRE-CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

Dr. Reginald Amaechi — 2026-06-01

The disruptive forces of missionary proselytization and European Colonialism undoubtedly created internal frictions that ruptured the ontological world of Etche Land. Therefore, the archaeology of indigenous knowledge embedded in the belief and cultural system of Etche people are now fast becoming relics of history. The advent of Christianity in the mid nineteenth century ruptured the social fabric and helped to undermine Etche people’s religiosity. This paper interrogates the Contemporary Etche Pre-Christian Religious beliefs in deity and the constituting and grafting realities of Etche people’s ontology and how this has been problematized in the age of Christianity. We shall further argue that cultural belief systems, though facing severe strains, remain a potent force in contemporary Etche society. The paper concludes by pointing out the essential features that constitute the core of Etche Pre-christian belief in deity and the dynamics of its practices and its implications to collective and individual consciousness in Etche Land.

POWER SECTOR REFORM POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Joyce Iyieke-Jaja, PhD — 2026-06-01

The Nigerian Power Sector is saddled with a lot of controversies ranging from constant low current, improper billing and outright power failure. Most governments have given lip service to the solution of power crisis, while policy reforms have failed to yield the expected result. There is a clear demonstration of inefficiency in the power sector, bearing in mind that there can be no reasonable development without a corresponding power supply. Even attempts at privatization have failed to yield the desired result. The paper traced the introduction of electricity in Nigeria from Lagos in 1896 through different power reform policies of government to facilitate power generation and distribution, especially as the current dearth of power supply has become unbearable. It opines that privatization and commercialization have not met the power need of Nigeria, for development can only be achieved when there is available power supply. Since all business utilizes power, it should be a collective effort of government and citizens. There should be utilization of natural sources of generating power like solar system etc. there should also be equitable distribution of power to all sections and sectors to enhance development.

FLEDGING ISSUES ON HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN NIGERIA

Okpara Hope Ogworoka — 2026-06-01

Since the adoption of the universal Declaration of Human Right in 1948, human rights have not only acquired global status and importance but have grown tremendously both in conception and content. The issue of human rights has become inexplicably important in promoting respect for dignity and activities in order to enhance mutual existence among men and states. Human rights are more or less the rights which nature has endowed to every human being. They are those inalienable rights which are deemed natural but the advent of positivism and constitutionalism led to divisions between fundamental and supposedly non-justiciable rights in the absence of which a chaotic world emerged. While the internalization of human rights was energized and strengthened by a number of developments, the present status of human rights in Nigeria is also without any historical antecedents. There has been some progress in this respect such as the creation of awareness, standardization, institution of public interest, removal of limitation period and liberal interpretation approved by court. However despise this progress there are still some inherent challenges and difficulties in the protection and realization of human rights in Nigeria. Some of these difficulties are jurisdictional problems between Federal High Court and State High Court with regard to the provisions of section251 of the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, unjustifiable government influence on implementation mechanisms amongst others. These short comings prompted this study which is purely theoretical and based on doctrinal approach. This study examined both international and domestics instruments in Nigeria together with other primary and secondary sources such as case laws, text books, journal articles, statues and media publications. The paper concludes by making some recommendation that will strengthen the enforcement of human rights. There is need for the amendment of chapter ii of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 in order to ensure that economic, social, environmental and Health rights are justiciable and in line with international best practices operational in other countries.

GENDER JUSTICE: A BEACON FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN POST COVID-19 IN NIGERIA

Timothy Gladys Chioma — 2026-06-01

Gender injustice has been a recurring decimal in the Nigerian society. Daily, women are violated, marginalized and oppressed, as a result of unhealthy structures like Patriarchy. This has given rise to undesired male dominance and unjust treatments for the female folk. An instance may be drawn from the extreme preference for the male child over his female counterpart, which has led to an unjustifiable quest amongst the women and in extreme, led to deaths, as consequence for poor health management and strife. This is hinged on myths. values, norms, obnoxious customs and traditional practices. Also, the lopsided beliefs and conventions, clothed as religions, which subject the female folk to ridicule and undue subjugation; may be a justification for the impiety or otherwise of the woman. Mindbogglingly, a plethora of laws have been promulgated on the subject matter, which include municipal and international laws, yet, to no avail. Although these laws are extant and regulatory, however, there seems to be a gap in the laws; with no proper implementation. This accounts for the clarion call in this work, for the emancipation of the woman in Nigeria. This will certainly dignify her. To this end, this paper underscores the ordeal of the woman in Nigeria, highlights the legal framework on women's rights here, and thus, draws conclusion on the subject matter. Nevertheless, plausible suggestions on gender justice as the way forward have been proffered, as a legal-Technological innovation, for sustainable development in Post COVID’19 Nigeria.

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY FACTORS ON INFORMATION QUALITY AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE

Dumkor Beeka Nwambo, PhD — 2026-06-01

Managers have believed that Internet can enhance Supply Chain Management (SCM) decision making by providing on real time information and enabling collaboration between trading partners. Supply Chain Management have a lot of practices depend on information sharing, the Internet has become one of the tools for these practices which make the operation inside the organization more performance and effective in the same time. It is argued that the internet is playing an important role in exchange information, and is strengthening the relationship between suppliers and organization’s managers. Many other researchers stress the need to future research on the impact of internet on supply chain process specifically. Up to date the research on the relationship between the acceptance of internet technology applications factors on the information exchange and its influence on the performance of supply chain management is still limited. For that this paper would investigate the internet technology acceptance factors such as trust, ease of use, usefulness, security, self-efficacy, self-commitment, management support and user technical support as the main antecedent for information sharing among the employees. This paper also discusses the impact of information sharing towards supply chain management performance. The review of the past research and in-depth theoretical review will justify the proposed relationship.

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY FACTORS ON INFORMATION QUALITY AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE

Dumkor Beeka Nwambo, PhD — 2026-06-01